What motivate suicide bombers? Essay -- The Terrorism Ahead, Revenge

The idea of killing oneself for a cause is unimaginable for most people however, for some individuals, it is a heroic operate. Young men, women, and even children have interpreted their own lives enacting this fatalistic practice. Suicide bombers truly define the meaning of the word timidity. This phenomenon is far from new to the world, in World War 2 Japanese pilots called kamikazes voluntarily committed felo-de-se by slamming their planes into American war ships in a last-minute effort to avoid losing the war. Similarly, suicide attackers strap their bodies with explosives and explode their selves in crowds, hotels, marketplaces, and embassies throughout the world. Alarmingly, there are many people willing and committed to carrying out such(prenominal) missions. The driving force behind suicide attackers is not solely found on religion in fact, it has just as much to do with revenge, humiliation, and indoctrination. In some cases, suicide bombers decide to take such actions a s an act of vengeance. Paul J. Smith, Author of The Terrorism Ahead notes that revenge is the driving force behind certain suicide attacks as a direct response to an event, such as a death of a family member (142). In the Middle East, this scene cons out daily. On May 19, 2003, Hiba Daragmeh detonates herself at Amaquim shopping mall in Alfula, Israel to retaliate against her brothers imprisonment in Israel (Smith 142).The ageless land conflict between Israel and the Palestinians have led to many casualties on both sides. A suicide bomber detonates a bomb in Israeli territory and kills Israeli civilians. Israel retaliates, and attacks suspected terrorist cites, during these skirmishes Innocent Palestinians and Israelis are killed which drives the thirst for revenge mutual... ...ned. The handlers job is to prepare the bomber for a trial run of the attack, and to foresee any potential disruption that can hinder the plan (68). Once the suicide bomber completes the mission, the family of the suicide bomber receives compensation and becomes a celebrity in the community. The reasoning behind suicide bombings is various and wide-ranging. Many factors come in to play such as retribution, degradation, and propaganda. Terror groups justify this action as the only way to respond due to the fact they may not have ripe weaponry or military. The fact remains there are constantly gaining new candidates to replace every suicidal mission, which compels terrorist groups to believe it is the right action to take. Furthermore, fear, terror and death caused by suicide bomb explosions can devastate people psychologically and alter sociatal life.

Russia :: essays research papers

RUSSIA(RUH-shuh)Russias official name is Russian Federation and its capital is Moscow with a population of 8.3 million. It was decl ared an independent country in August 24 of the year 1991.Russias population is 143,782, 338 (July 2004 est.) Its size is 6.5 million sq. mi. or 17 million sq. Km.Russians practice th following religions Russian Orthodox, Islamic, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Buddhist and other. Their mane language is Russian.LOCATIONRussia is in Eurasia and it is neighbor of 13 countries Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazaksta, China, Mongolia, South Korea and Lithuania.GEPGRAPHY There are broad plains, low hills, vast cone-bearing forest, uplands and mountains in Russia. There is tundra in Siberia and a northern continental climate that is between subarctic to subtropical.ECONOMYEconomy grows 7.3% a year. Russias natural resources are petroleum, natural gas, timber and furs. Agriculture products are grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, meat and dairy products. This country exports petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, woods and wood products, metals, chemicals and host manufacturs.GOVERNMENTRussias president is Vladimir Putin and its prime minister is Mikhail Fradkov. In the Constitution, declared on December 12, 1993, says that the president can pass decrees without consent from the Duma and whitethorn disband the Duma, that hes the head of the armed forces and the security council. FOODRussians eat a lot of hearty food because cold climates call for them. star example is kasha, a boiled grain, often cooked with onions and mushrooms.Thick vegetables and fish soups served with lots of fillling bread are also eaten in the country. Sweet black tea is a favorite hot drink.

Stephen Hawking :: essays research papers

Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. His father, Frank, was a specialist in tropic medicine, his profession of ten dollar bill kept him away from home and family. Hawkings mother, Isabelle, was a very politically active person, which kept her away from home too. even so though his parents were gone a lot, they had a big influence on his life. Hawking always wanted to study mathematics and physics, but his Dad give tongue to that mathematics did not have many job opportunities. He ended up majoring in physics and chemistry. Another reason he did not civilise mathematics was because it was not available at Oxford University, his local college. When he was growing up, he was a self-learner. His friends did not know how smart he was until his second socio-economic class of college. He and his friends were assigned thirteen honors questions in the area of electricity and magnetism. It took his friends, Derek, Gordan, and Richard, a week to complete two an d a half of the problems. Hawking did the first ten in tether hours, he did not complete the others because he said he did not have enough time. Once, in college, he fell drink a flight of stairs. After he fell down, he could not remember anything, gradually he began remembering, until he remembered it all, which took all of two hours. Stephen Hawking gradational from Oxford University at the age of twenty in 1962. He then took a trip to Prussia with a friend. During the visit, he became ill. Upon returning to England, he had a series of tests to let out his health problem. He moved to Cambridge to attend graduate school, which is where he learned that he had Lou Gehrigs disease. This disease destroys the voluntary muscles, making normal tasks become impossible, such(prenominal) as walking and eating. Doctors predicted that he had to and a half years to live. He became depressed at stopped working and going to school. During this time, he met his future wife, Jane Wilde. They had three children Robert (1967), Lucy (1970), and Timothy (1979). Meeting Jane, lifted Hawkings spirits so much that he disregarded his illness, returned to work and school. He did research at Caisus College and canvas theoretical physics. He did this partly because he found elementary particles unattractive and he wanted to study with Fred Hoyle, who was a British astronomer and also a science fiction novelist.

Vegetarian Ways Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Health Essays

Vegetarian WaysToday youve arrived here with questions. After you read this maybe youll have the answers? Whether youre already a vegetarian or if youre only(prenominal) curious around vegetarians I hope you find this informative and maybe influential. Ihope to open your minds enough that youll agree that we dont have to polish to live. I hope to expose you to a lifestyle that doesnt promote violence or death. These are all the reasons you should need to convertyour lifestyle. Ive been a practicing vegetarian for 2 years. A vegetarian is defined as someone who avoids all sentient being flesh, including fish and poultry. Vegetarians can be sub categorized Those who avoid flesh but still indulge in animal products such ascheese, milk and bollock are referred to as ovo-lacto-vegetarians. People who reject all animal products are referred to as purevegetarians or vegans. Scientific research shows that ovo-lacto-vegetarians are healthier than tenderness eaters and vegans arehealthie r than both. this instant Im going to present you with four reasons everyone should be a vegetarian. First the obvious ethical reasons, second the physiological reasons, third the health reasons and finally the most of the essence(predicate) reasons for our planet, the environmental impact of a meat base go acrosst. First the ethical reasons to become a vegetarian. The ethical reasons were the first to occur to me when I began considering becoming a vegetarian. Why should any creature lose its life to fill my stomach? Unfortunately most people dont associate the meat on their plate as having had life at one time. In some countries people eat meat of monkeys, dogs. cats, and even other people which is disgusting to us. But its OK for us to kill cows, chickens, or fish cause they are different? At 20 weeks of age, 85 million pigs die for Americans to eat. Another 24 million die due to abuse before they reach slaughter age. Cows normally have a 25 year life span, but most only live to be 3-5 years old before dying to become hamburgers. more than 1 million calves a year are raised for veal. They lapse a miserably short life of 16-18 weeks in a crate thats not big enough for them to even stand or move in. non given any water or solid food, only deficient milk replacers, so they will stay white and tender. Since only female chickens land eggs over 280 million male chicks are thrown into plastic bags and piled on each other to d... ...onsumption of beef over 300 million pounds of meat are imported annually from Central and South America. This economic incentive leads to these nations destroying more forests to create more pasture land. 55 square feet of tropical rain forest is destroyed to produce every quarter pound of rainforest beef. Each year over 1000 species are eliminated due to destruction of rainforests for grazing land. More than of all water used for all purposes in the U.S. is consumed in livestock production. It takes 25 gallons of water to pr oduce 1 pound of wheat. It takes 5,000 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of California beef. 33% of all raw materialsconsumed are devoted to livestock production, while only 2% are used for a vegetarian based diet. A few famous vegetarians Einstein, Plato, Newton, Ben Franklin, Ghandi, Bob Dylan, Bob Marley. All these people knew the answer to the question I began with. NO you do not have to kill to live. A vegetarian diet meets all the RDA, without the guilt of murder while preserving our environment. Isnt that easy? Wow. It takes so little to do so much. Quoting Ghandi, Why turn your physical structure into a graveyard by devouring the flesh of other creatures?

Raw Foods Diet :: essays research papers

Whats up with the Raw Deal?The Atkins diet? South-Beach forage? Jenny Craig? Weight Watchers? But a Raw- viands simply diet? What the? Consuming only raw foods? Not cooking anything? Isnt that unhealthy? Not according to advocates of this diet. The raw foods diet is among some of the latest fad and celebrity-hyped diets out there today, you cornerstone even find some restaurants that only serve raw foods. The name of the raw food diet says it all You only consume raw, unprocessed foods. Diet devotees claim the diet improves nutrition and health, offers spiritual enlightenment and improves digestion among other things. But can a diet consisting only of raw foods truly live up to its promises and can it be healthy? Followers consume a diet regimen made up of odorous, raw fruits and vegetables, sprouted seeds, nuts, legumes, dried fruits, milk from coconut, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and other organic or natural foods which have not been processed. Sounds healthy. It stems fr om the thinking that raw and living foods contain the essential enzymes needed for straightlaced digestion, as well as containing higher nutrient values. Raw food dieters believe the enzymes in raw foods be the life force and that every food has its own essential enzymes. These enzymes help the personify digest the foods completely, without relying on the bodys own enzymes. This means that cooked foods, foods cooked higher than 116 F, are dead because all of these enzymes and nutrients are destroyed. But is their scientific data to back this up? No, not really. It has been widely known and accepted that cooking our food is healthier and safer. Cooking foods kills any wounding bacteria, it lets us eat a wide variety of foods especially those who cannot tolerate raw uncooked vegetables, which can leave individuals with nutrient deficiencies. And well, yes cooking does kill the foods enzymes, our body has its own enzymes for proper digestion and health and doesnt need other enzymes .

Raw Foods Diet :: essays research papers

Whats up with the Raw Deal?The Atkins diet? South-Beach Diet? Jenny Craig? Weight Watchers? But a Raw-food only diet? What the? overpowering only raw foods? Not cooking any(prenominal)thing? Isnt that unhealthy? Not according to advocates of this diet. The raw foods diet is among some of the latest fad and celebrity-hyped diets out there today, you can even find some restaurants that only serve raw foods. The name of the raw food diet says it altogether You only consume raw, gross foods. Diet devotees claim the diet improves nutrition and health, offers spiritual enlightenment and improves digestion among other things. But can a diet consisting only of raw foods truly live(a) up to its promises and can it be healthy? Followers consume a diet regimen made up of fresh, raw fruits and vegetables, sprouted seeds, nuts, legumes, dried fruits, draw from coconut, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and other organic or natural foods which have not been processed. Sounds healthy. It ste ms from the thinking that raw and living foods contain the essential enzymes postulate for proper digestion, as well as containing higher nutrient values. Raw food dieters believe the enzymes in raw foods are the life force and that either food has its own essential enzymes. These enzymes help the body digest the foods completely, without relying on the bodys own enzymes. This means that cooked foods, foods cooked higher than 116 F, are dead because all of these enzymes and nutrients are destroyed. But is their scientific data to back this up? No, not really. It has been widely known and accepted that cooking our food is healthier and safer. Cooking foods lands any harmful bacteria, it lets us eat a wide variety of foods especially those who cannot tolerate raw uncooked vegetables, which can leave individuals with nutrient deficiencies. And well, yes cooking does kill the foods enzymes, our body has its own enzymes for proper digestion and health and doesnt need other enzymes.

My medicine, work: thus credulous fools are caught Essay

How has Iago made his medicine, work on Othello.This es evidence is to discuss the tribes and tribulations of Iago how he has persuadeed Othello and caused devastation to me very(prenominal) people throughout the text, such as Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Emillia. I am going to discuss points such as wherefore Iago was so dis practiced to Othello why he caused Othello and Desdemona so much annoying and why he didnt start out no love or care for any woman including his wife Emillia. Iago is a very bitter person who wants to make Othello miserable. Reasons for this are simpleIago is a racist who dislikes black people he wants Othellos title/position, as Othello is a high- ranking member of the Venetian army he loves and wants Desdemona for his wife. However, this last reason is unlikely. Throughout the play, Iago refers to women in a sexist federal agency at the end of the play, he stabs his wife Emilia to death. Obviously he is a man in confident of love. Throughout the play, I ago constantly refers to women in derogatory terms. For example, he says in behave cardinal, Scene one, you are pictures out of doors, bells in your parlours, wild-cats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, players in your abodewifery, and housewives in your beds.In this quote Iago is being very prejudice and sexist towards female. He has no respect and dignity for women especially his wife Emillia.Iago intends to make Othello miserable by telling him that Desdemona is having an affair with Michael Cassio. He will, to an extent, brainwash Othello, also causing trouble for other characters, namely Cassio, Emilia, Desdemona and Roderigo. Iago doesnt care who he hurts in the process of all this. He is there to cause pain and hurt all round so he gets his own way. There are many reasons as to why Iago is like this, such as he has perceptional feelings for Desdemona he is grabby of Othello, etc.Iago begins to make Othello suspicious by dropping hints abo ut Cassio, which leads Othello to find out whats on Iagos mind. Act two, Scene one That Cassio loves her, I do well believet Here Iago starts to say blatantly to Othello that he is sure Cassio has feelings for Desdemona. Again Iago carries on with his acerbate talk to brainwash Othello. Making him into thinking such liaisons about Cassio and Desdemona. Iago begins to start repeating what Othello says which causes Othello to convince himself that Desdemona has been unfaithful. Reasons why Iago is being like this could be that Brabantio is still hot under the collar(predicate) with Othello for marrying his daughter without consent. Brabantio was then murdered.This is very unlikely though. Mainly the reason being the type of person Iago is. He is very ferocious and envious person who lets his enviously overcomes him. Iago continues to collarm reluctant to reveal what he claims he knows about Desdemona and Cassio. This just proves how intelligent and scheming Iago is. He strongly defends the importance of a man or womans reputation, and warns Othello to beware of covetously. Act two Scene one At least into a jealousy so strongjudgement cannot recruitThis quote is from Iago forwarding jealousy towards Othello again using his poison to brainwash Othello. Maybe Iagos poison works so well on Othello that he actually understands and feels the feelings Iago are feeling himself.Now all of what Iago has been telling Othello has been pure lies. Iago is so corruptive and scheming that he falls into his own trap when Othello attacks him.To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company, is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well Where virtue is, these are more virtuous. Act three Scene three.This quote tells us Othello finds that being unfaithful to him is the worse thing she can do to him. So really this is perhaps his reason for acting the way he does. Later Othello says No, Iago, Ill see before I mistrust when I doubt prove And on the proof, there is no more but this away at on once with love or jealouslyThis quote to Iago basically is trying to tell Iago if you prove to me that Desdemona has been unfaithful then I will believe you Why doesnt he just read Desdemona himself? So here Othello assures Iago hes not a jealous man. He says hes confident of his wifes virtue. Iago warns him to watch Desdemona with Cassio she is capable of deception.Iago now tells Othello that he has seen Cassio with Desdemonas strawberry handkerchief. This was true but wasnt intended by Cassio. It was placed on his loves shoulder objet dart she was asleep and then Cassio took it. Othello saw Cassio using it and thought immediately that Desdemona was being unfaithful and deceitful to him.Have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief spy with strawberries in your wifes hand? Act three Scene three.This Quote then starts to build up the tension between Iago and Othello because Iago is being honest and truthful but not for long. The significance of the handkerchief is that Othello was handed it to him form his Great Grandmother when she die. Othello then gave it to Desdemona as a token of his love for her. That is why it is so important.Next Othello says the followingI know not that but such a handkerchief I am sure it was your wifes- did I today see Cassio wipe his beard with. Scene three Act three.This quote then suggests that Desdemona has given it to or left it in Cassios presence. So now Iago claims that Cassio has Desdemonas handkerchief. Othello fills with anger and hatred as this is not what he wants or expects of Desdemona and he isnt happy with the he has to find out. Othello is overcome with jealous grief and vows revenge. To Iagos call of patience, Othello replies his murderous thoughts will never change.Othello is a black man who is high up in the Venetian army. At the starting of the play we are given the impression that Othello has robbed Iago of his title. Act one Scene one Off-capped to him and by the faith of a man, I know my price expense no worse a placeThis quote shows how Iago feels like he has been robbed of his title by Othello. Iago wanted to be higher then anyone because he is a very manipulative and vindictive person. Othello marries Desdemona without Brabantios knowledge and consent, which causes uproar. Iago suggests a way of taking revenge against Othello.They shout in the street outside Brabantios house and tell him the news that he has been robbed. This then plots the play for what is going to happen. Iago will deceive Othello and do his best to cause trouble for Othello. So then he can rob him of his title. Iago is angry about failing to gain the promotion that has gone instead to Cassio. Iago, pretending to be Othellos faithful supporter, warns Othello that Brabantio will assay to break up the marriage. Othello is confident that his service to Venice and his noble descant will make all well.I think that Iago was a very bitter and cruel man. He had no love for no one but himself and wa s bitterly jealous of Othello. Othellos behaviour towards Iago was very vulnerable. Act one Scene two As double as the Dukes. He will divorce youThis quote shows that Iago has to be very intentional by claiming quite blatantly that Desdemona will have nothing to do with you as you didnt gain any consent or blessing from him to marry his daughter. Othello was also very gullible which didnt answer him disbelieve Iago. I also think that Iagos jealousy caused so much trouble for people such as Cassio, Desdemona, Roderigo and Emilia. Othellos behaviour couldnt be helped because of Iagos ways of brainwashing him. Iagos brutal and ruthless actions throughout caused many deaths, at the end, which led to him being injured badly too. unluckily due to Iagos duplicitous ways he caused no end of trouble for Othello and Desdemonas marriage. Therefore his aggressiveness savaged the lives of Othello, Emilia, Desdemona and Cassio within the play. From this play you can see what jealousy and power c an do to so many people by just one deceitful being. Iago didnt have any emotion and love for anyone but himself. He didnt get what he wanted so he caused a stink until he won, but in this occurrence Iagos scheming intentions backfired.

Death Is Beautiful Essay

bulk t suppress to be afraid of what they batcht control and avoid. In terms of goal, it meets those two conditions which make citizenry panic-struck of it. Since no virtuoso(a) knows what it feels when one overhauls, nevertheless tail assembly only guess what will happen after destruction, near throng talent not deficiency to imagine the last moment of their lives. In our society, moreover, death is absorbd as something dark and negative in photos, books and daily behavior in general. As a result, it becomes difficult and unbearable to face death when it comes.Every minute, somewhere in the world, countless babies are born with great celebration, whereas somewhere in the world, numerous people are dying with grief. Most people butt joint relate to these situation as livelihood stages. One of differences between birth and death is that one cant be ready to be born itself, but on the early(a) hand, most of people get a chance to prepare the halt of smell themsel ves. While people t terminal to glorify birth and number death as unlucky, it is not always true.Death can be stunning perhaps more than the moment of birth, depending on the way of how happily one has lived. What death makes un knowing is within its features, such as uncertainty of when, how and why to die, but above everything else, fear of death.In her article, On The Fear of Death written by Kubler-Ross, she describes fear of death shown among people from the past to today differently. She highlites the fact that people in both the past and present have felt fear of death similarly, but the shape of fear shown today has some different characteristics. dying(p) today is more lonely, mechanical and dehumanized, the fear of death is represented as these kind of features Accoring to Kubler, people today are more in all probability excruciation from frantic problems such as loneliness, fifty-fifty living in high technology which seems to fill mens life with richness. In this a rticle, the author similarly points expose the way of facing death these days. Many people today would get under ones skin death in hospital where patiens are treated as products, getting handling even until the moment when they die.It shows that death today is getting lonely compared to figure of death in the past, which people were watching those who they loved were dying close to that person. It do death more beautiful and natural. As a result of desolate death happened frequently today, people are getting fear of death more than past. Fear of death is natural phenomenon shown in most people. In Who Wants to Live Forever? Immortality, Authenticity, and Living Forever in the Present written by Ted M.Preston and Scott Dixon, they describe death as So death, the most frightening of bad things, is nothing to us since when we exist, death is not yet present, and when death is present, then we do not exist. (100) In the article, two authors suggest the way of how to overcome fear o f death, emphasizing that people dont have to be afraid of death which we even cant feel at the end. It shows that organism worried or so death in advance is how useless. It seems pretty persuasive and inspired for those who are suffering from fear of death.However, having fear of death isnt always bad in some ways. The horrible feeling which people face when imagining death possibly can fuction in positive way at the same clipping, by reminding people of the fact that they only have limited time for life, as if a movie asks audience If you have only one week to live, what would you do? . Thus, it will give them a great turning point to change from old visible horizon on death, which represents something scary, to something we can even be ready. The fact that we have only limited time in life makes us able to concern about how to live with full of happiness.More than that, fear of death functions as an opportunity to look back ones life because we are gonna die at the end, we nee d to define who I am and how we have been living as human creation since we were born. Another example of what death makes unhappy is unnatural death which doesnt seem to be ideal form of death. Unnatural death is antonym of natural death that means death from natural causes such as aging. For example, in unusual forms of death such as suicide or murder, death cant be beautiful in the way that it is tragic and irrational.Living as human being is bless and a precious chance which God gave us. Thus at least, human being ought to live as long as ones lifespan permits. Killing oneself or others cant be justified for any reason. In case of murder, particularly, it is one of miserable death that should never happen because it infringe ones right to live. On the other hand, more than half of people might experience death as a natural precess of aging including diseases cuased by old age. Dying naturally as we grow older might be ideal death for most people.Even though everyone knows that death cant be inescapable, it would be still hard to approve death as one of processes in life. Nevertheless, denying death means denying ones whole life as the law of nature. Since death doesnt give any tuition to anyone, interestingly, every single person might have different view on death. Thats why building own belief regarding death during life is important to understand ones life stages from birth to death clearly. As importantly as making own definition of death, it is also infallible to set proper plans in each stage of life because it helps one to understand ones life systematically.For those who understand that ones life time is categorized by each different period by age and has different characteristic to consider, ones life time can be much more valuable rather than living life without strategy for each stage to come. Whenever one realizes this rule, everyday can be the for the first time day to start new stage and it is totally applicable for anyone who wants to de sign plans for life. If one has managed ones life satisfactorily, this person are more likely feeling happy when he or she dies. Namely, ones quality of life and death are related almost.If birth is our beginning of life, the death is the end of ones life. People tend to concern about how to live during life, not recognizing the meaning of how to die. That is why most people are not fully prepared for death. Not only how happily one has lived is important, but also how happily one dies is meaningful. How many people would feel happy in the end of their life? In Sounth Korea, there is an interesting program which people can experience ones funeral in advance, by practicing as if it is real funeral of mine. A man who was 50-year old applied this program with his families and close friends.His funeral was held in front of him and he was watching this silently. Some people started to cry as if they already incapacitated this man and his son started to read the last letter sending for father. The man started to cry right after starting his imaginary funeral as well because he realized how he was being loved and how happy person he was. If ones life has been happy, esteemed and loved, ones death also should be happy at the end. The fact that no one can live forever makes them to be able to manage time effectively and consider order of priority in ones life.Those who look at death as positive function of life started to think about how to die as well as how to live. They believe that death can be beautiful as much as the fact of what we are born in the world. The biggest benefits of this view is that people can get a chance to look back ones life and make clear goals in life in advance. As a result, being awared death helps people to get rid of their pain or fear of death by already being ready to face death. However, there are those who consider death as positive one and these people prepare to be ready for peaceful death by practicing how death can be beautiful. This movement was not appeared just today and it shows that death is not something which people want to avoid unconditionally anymore. in that respect is a strong method which people can lessen their fears of death with. It is the power of religions. Even though every religion has different interpretation of death, most of them describe it as something sacred and they teach believers to follow their doctrine to greet peaceful death or be rescued by God by relying on religion strongly. As people get older, they start to feel that death is coming.For example, an woman who is almost 90 year-old, may be tying to accept the fact which she is going to die soon. She may recall some good memories with her eyes closed and thinking about her family members whom she has loved the most during her life. On the other hand, it will be somehow tragic, if one who faces death feels sorry and regretful about ones life. When young, it is hard to prepare next stages to come by looking ahead to the futu re. However, after they get weak both metally and phsically, they might realize that life is not that long.Thats why understanding death excatly and being prepared for beautiful death by managing ones life meaningfully. When it comes to death, how one has been successful can be a matter. However, more than than how one has been happy is the most important value when leaving this world. To design happy life, if so, unerstanding ones life stages and even death is regarded importantly because both are closely connected each other. Since one is born in the world, one is heading to death at the same time.The deeper one understands death, the more valuable life time one can manage. For someone, death just can mean the last moment of life. On the othe hand, for someone who believe the world after death, otherwise, death might mean exploring for new world. For someone who reminds oneself of limited time with death, death can be boost for ones efficient time management for life. People dont have to be afraid of death because it will be just short mement compared to ones whole life time. If ones life has been happy, ones death also should be happy at the end.

Role Of Women In Sustainable Forest Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Over the past twosome(a) of decennaries most development plans use up come to the decision that peoples contest is spellant for their success. Forestry plans fill followed the same general way. In Nepal, it is realized that timbers status and country were decreased chiefly in 1980s due to quickly increase population force per unit argona ( Adhikari 2001 ) . Therefore, authorities establishments and INGO s took induction for impact local people, particularly bountiful fe males in the program line of the wood.Several surveies have shown that bad females be the primary users of quality resources in many developing states. Nepal is non an exclusion. Harmonizing to ( Lamichhane 2004 ) , the survey of adult females s position in Nepal indicatesSixty six per centum of discerp of the adult females is being spent in fuel wood aggregation.Ninety five per centum of the fuel energy in the mountain part of Nepal comes from the fuel wood.Womans and misss nab 87 % of the entire fuel wood.Looking at the state of affairs, authorities of Nepal has included the issue in the development program from eight five yr program ( 1992-1997 ) . Ninth five twelvemonth program ( 1997-2002 ) states that, As adult females are chiefly involved in aggregation of lumber, firewood, fresh fish, workss, carnal bed clothing and so on, necessary agreements will be make to include them compulsory in the afforest users focuss . Thus, theoretically adult females s involution in forestry plans considered of import from the eight five twelvemonth program and encouraged them for engagement in assorted forestry plans of authorities though adult females have some restraints to make so ( Chaudhary 2000 ) . The undermentioned state of affairs is still confronting by adult females in pattern.Womans are constrained by society to come from their houses. If it is so so starts interdict remarks and none of the household member incites them.Womans are discouraged and did non elect in determina tion devising organic structure. If they elected so they would be for imposingity all or to demo the giver bureaus.Still, in many societies adult females are avoided from the contact with the aliens because they are diffident. Their hubbies do non wish their contact with other males.Womans are considered forest destroyers alternatively of def dismissers.Women s commission can non work without donjon of males and are non working good due to their credibleness and household supports.Forest resource direction in Nepal is based on the people s engagement and determination of the user s group. Women are the cardinal wood users and their engagement in the sustainable direction reveals the success of the direction patterns. Therefore adult females s engagement and engagement is most so. But the social scene in Nepal has great incline on adult females s engagement. Besides these restraints, residential district forestry plan tried to run the adult females s position through engagement in Nepal in someway when it emerged during 1980s ( Giri, Pokhrel et Al. 2008 ) . In this root it is tried to analyse the followerssObstacles on specifying adult females s engagement in determination devising in lodge forestryPolicies and programs to increase the decisive functions of adult females in community forestryObstacles on specifying adult females s engagement in determination devising in community forestry in NepalNepali societies are multicultural, complex and have hierarchal system which includes different caste groups, economic categories, and societal rankings inside people. These fluctuations distinguished the upper and lower caste system, sexual activity biased division in societal activities, etc. Therefore, there is ever the being of discriminatory nature in the society over the usage and visualize of the resources. Basically these obstructions besides have threatened the vulnerable groups and adult females in take parting in the community forestry modus opera ndi ( Timsina 2002 ) .However in young context, many adult females are involved in community forestry plans after awareness plans of NGOs and authorities though they are dominated by work forces and are bewildered by deficiency of specific functions and supports. Chiefly, the adult females are non attracted to community forestry plans as outlook of the authorities and NGOs because of the factorsIrrelevant of the plans to the demands of adult femalesCommunity forestry plans planted yen which is useless for adult females instead it added more work to them. Similarly, community wood is restricted for fresh fish and firewood aggregations, which send them far for aggregation of such points. slightly community forest user groups are more financess oriented because they have to use watchers for forest protection. In this state of affairs, adult females can non roll up grass fresh fish and firewood instead commission gross revenues such points yearly. This makes adult females disinterest ed to community forestry.Restriction to adult females s engagement in formal organisationsWomans are busy people of the household who can non pull off clip for meetings, which offers nil to them. They have to be busy most of the clip within family cookery, eating, kid lovingness, utensils rinse, cleansing, H2O fetching and animate being lovingness. These are their chief duties which do non let them to travel out go toing meetings and so on. Community forestry plans were begun as formal organisations because it was developed signifier of Panchayat Forest ( local authorities unit ) where adult females are far from formal organisations in Nepal.Lack of attending and support given to adult females by undertaking, contrivers, and authorities functionariesWomen s engagement is still weak in forestry due to the undermentioned grounds Illiteracy, low position in society, deficiency of cognition about the plans, they are hesitating to go involved in public work, deficiency of support of the ir male household members, non self assurance, changeable about their uncertainnesss and so on. In most of the forest users group the high and average degree population are largely involved in the commission instead than the lower category, adult females and marginalized groups which have bulk users of the resources ( Timsina 2002 ) .Figure 1 illustrates the findings of a gender analysis survey in community woods of Ramechhap and Dolakha dirt in Nepal. The figure clearly illustrates the gender biased functions in every sector of authorities, community and family. As we discussed earlier that adult females s engagement in community forestry are defined by different societal and cultural barriers that the society clasp. The society has its inferior position towards adult females sing the determination doing procedure from family to community forestry though they spend most of the clip in it. Though adult females try to come across these barriers with their ain attempts and abilities , their engagement is non wining due to the male dominancy and determination over the resource usage. Hence adult females s engagement in determination devising procedure is still in the creep soma in the sustainable resource direction in most of the developing states particularly Nepal.Women s EngagementNFUG Committee Members Policy 50 % of all commission should be adult femalesIn world merely 2-3 members merelyCommunity ForestryTake about no decisions- varies with ethnicityHave no control on assetsHave no entree as per regulations made by work forcesMaximal impact on her day-to-day work burdenHousehold ImpactCaste, place in household and support from hubby will act upon order of engagementTime restraint due to duplicate burden- inside and outside undertakingsFUG Formation ProcessNo specific scheme to approach/ involve adult females though recommended in Re-orientationParticipate in labour for determinations taken by work forcesEqually knowing but non consultedTraining PlansWom en ever really few, if anyMobility restraintPoor attitudinal & A practical support from work forcesIlliteracy in all adult females s groupRarely invited for proficient preparationForest ForcesCultural/attitude prejudice towards adult females s capablenessConstraints on communicating with adult femalesAbout all determinations take by work forces ( Undertaking and Community )Womans more antiphonal to adult females Texas rangers uncomplete functionaries nor adult females take the enterpriseAgro ForestryAbout all interactions between undertaking staff ( all work forces except one ) and hubby as caput of family.Largely fulfills advertize/care of babys roomCan non command assets as land non in her nameBeginning ( DRCFDP 1995 )Fig 1 Women s engagement in diametrical ActivitiesAlthough we discussed about the obstructions, the adult females s inclusiveness in the community forestry has besides been observed in some facet. The empowerment attack in WID recognized the adult females s ternar y function ( production, reproduction and community ) that seeks to run into the strategic gender demands. It indirectly through the grass roots mobilisation of practical gender demands support to seek the strategic gender demands. It explicitly focus the demand of power to adult females for bettering the place ( Moser 1989 ) .In Nepal adult females s engagement in community forestry, organizing and take parting in forest users group is increasing. They are concentrating their active engagement and functions in widening the constructions and determination devising procedure ( Giri and Darnhofer 2010 ) .The community forest user groups define the managerial facet of the forest resources. Thus adult females s engagement in these groups helps them to raise the voice in their practical and strategic gender demands which create a mechanism for carry throughing them ( Giri 2009 ) .Harmonizing to Adhikari ( 2001 ) , Nepali adult females in cragged part drama effectual function in the fore st direction. The subsistence life schemes lead the increase of diverseness of adult females s function in resource direction.In the same manner, authorities plans and NGO s have taken adult females as primary group and encouraged their engagement in decisive organic structure of forestry plans. They focus onWomen s engagement is critical in re-greening of the state.Womans will be benefited from their engagement in forestry plans because they are the chief users of the wood.Womans are the lone lasting dwellers of the country.As we are discoursing about some positive facet of adult females s inclusivity in resource direction, it is besides of import to discourse the typology of their engagement. In most of the instances adult females s engagement are inactive in nature. Their engagement is chiefly pretended under which they can be manipulated. Similarly their engagement is functional chiefly targeted to the accomplishment of undertaking end ( Agarwal 2001 ) .Policies and programs to increase the decisive functions of adult females in community forestryThe conventional theory on development did non place the nucleus function of adult females in sustainable resource direction. Therefore, a response variation in environmental policy, planning and plan is infallible to take a firm stand that adult females are the active stakeholders in resource direction ( Armitage and Hyma 1997 ) .Womans are the 1 who largely carry tonss of firewood, branchlets, little lumber, fresh fish, leaf-litter, non lumber forest merchandise and so on from the woods. The adult females are besides responsible for taking H2O. They are non merely responsible for aggregation of such points for place usage but besides affecting selling. The adult females are left at place in most of the developing states therefore they are still responsible for the addendum and direction of native resource for domestic usage when their hubbies go to seek for chances in markets. Due to the state of affairs, mos t of the development bureaus have been recommending on the issue of Women in environmental Development ( WED ) since the last 30 old ages on the issue of adult females in H2O, land and wood.Harmonizing to ( Regmi 2007 ) , community based resource direction is a cardinal rule to authorise the adult females s position in community forestry. Armitage and Hyma ( 1997 ) besides pointed that community based participatory attack to adult females is required for development. The community based resource direction procedure on the footing of Women s Empowerment Framework is intended to the policy shapers, contrivers and development militant to fail the extend of support required for the adult females s authorization ( Mosedale 2005 ) .The empowerment procedure can be improved through the alteration or alteration in the community forestry procedure that could include the marginalized community and adult females in the determination devising procedures. The policy degree agents such authoriti es functionaries, community stakeholders, facilitators should be given developing to plan the plans so that more marginalized people and adult females could be included ( Nightingale 2002 ) .( Acharya and Gentle 2006 ) in their on the job paper illustrate the authorising procedure on the footing of their three twelvemonth undertaking in Nepal on Strengthening the Role of Women and Civil Society in majority rule and governing body ( SAMARPAN ) . Figure 2 illustrate the procedure, which shows that authorization, inclusiveness should be started from the base of the plan. The protagonism, preparation, literacy categories, measuring internal administration skill defines the base for the inclusion of adult females and marginalized people in the determination devising procedure which subsequently on contribute to the peace development, struggle direction, sustainable resource direction and poorness decrease. This plan was based on the Rights Based Approach ( RBA ) which focuses on recogn izing the vulnerable, marginalized groups, adult females about the human rights. Besides the rights, this attack besides encourages to carry through their duties among the groups.Sustainable Resource ManagementGovernance & A Consencus edificePoverty DecreaseInclusion of adult females and fringy community in the determination devising proceduresAppraisal of internal administration capacityCommunity degree protagonism and adult females empowerment preparationAdvocacy literacy categoriesParticipatory, transparent and inclusive standards to choose local facilitators and preparation participantsPractice of public audit and audition in undertaking activitiesEmpowering and participatory acquisition stuffsFig 2 Procedure of authorization ( Adapted and modified from Acharya & A Gentle, 2006 )DecisionFrom the above treatment it is clear that adult females are the chief users of wood merchandises though their engagement in the wood direction is really weak. Since 1970s, development plans an d bureaus have been working in the sector of adult females s authorization recognizing the necessity of adult females s engagement in development plans though their engagement is non as outlook. Forestry direction sector is non an exclusion. Merely nearly 10 % of the community woods have been managing by adult females groups in Nepal today. As people attitude is being altering from the past it is possible to authorise the adult females and marginalized groups in the hereafter.The socio-cultural position is the barriers for limited and inactive engagement in the community forestry sector in Nepal. The projected orientated activities of the giver and other organisations do non really work out the adult females s position in the society instead they felt inferior themselves. Hence the attacks of equal engagement in every sector including the community forestry should be developed. This proviso could assist to make strong adult females s commission and aid in the income coevals activit ies.

Crescent Pure Essay

rounded was a non-alcoholic functional beverage with an impending launch in three U.S. markets. PDB acquired semilunar in July 2013 the sups combination of energy enhancing, hydrating, and all-organic ingredients made it a natural extension for PDBs lively organic product lines. However, PDBs management group disagreed about which of two viable positioning strategies would maximize lunates revenues. Some felt up the drinks energizing ingredients supported an energy-drink positioning, while others felt that due to the drinks hydrating elements, a sports-drink positioning made more sense.PDB planned to embark on a soft launch of Crescent in three western states (California, Oregon, and Washington) in January 2014. PDB projected that these three states represented 15% of national functional beverage demand. PDB was under pressure to define the product by October 1 in order to negotiate with beverage distributors and retailers, and to hire advertisers to develop ad campaigns in ti me for the January 2014 launch. PDB planned to spend $750,000 on ad for Crescent in 2014 and used that figure as a benchmark earnings goal. If 2014 profits met or exceeded the goal, PDB would fund Crescents national expansion in 2015. US Beverage Industry Non AlcoholicIn 2013, the non-alcoholic beverage marketwhich included water, dairy, juice, soda, and functional beverages was estimated to be $131 billion and was projected to grow to $164 billion by 2018.2 This market had suffered due to restrained consumer spending during the economic recession, but the trend was slowly reversing as the economy recovered. Many new products were launched in the segment by 2012. This wave of introductions was expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Distributing food and beverage products, which involved moving products from a manufacturing site into the hands of consumers, entailed many steps and varied by the size and influence of both retailers and manufacturers.In 2013, the largest U .S. retailers, known as big box retailers, often had their own product distribution systems in place to hold purchasing, transportation, and stocking. Specialization was common among brokers and distributors, and they often forged relationships with retailers and manufacturers within a niche segment. Some distributors focused on organic products. Others developed expertise in heathenish or gourmet offerings. When selling to consumers,retailers added an average mark-up of 40% to products purchased from distributors.Ingredients and PackagingPackaged in a sleek, tall silver 8-ounce can with a simple semilunar logo and lime green and o endure accents, Crescent was a clear-coloured liquid. Its taste included a hint of return arid was is sweet than most fruit juice, cola, sports drinks, and energy drinks. Each can contained one 80-calorie serving. For flavour, Crescent contained lime juice, lemon juice, and small amounts of raw cane sugar and green tea.Ryans ApproachesEnergy Drinks Cr escent delivers a boost of energy to combat fatigue and promote psychological focus Positioning Crescent as on energy-enhancing beverage would reinforce existing perceptions from Oregon, who an informal consumer survey conducted at an outdoor music festival indicated consumers viewed energy as crescents most descriptive characteristic. Prices for energy drinks in the U.S. range from $2 to $5 per can, based on can size (8 oz., 12 oz., or 16 oz.) and retail outlet. The average footing for 8 oz. of energy drink is $2.99, above our $2.75 price point. Thirty-four percent of the population said they consumed an energy beverage in the last six months the projected market for energy drinks in 2013 is $8.5 billion. Most advertising for energy drinks targets the most enthusiastic consumers, men 18 to 24 years old. Visually startling imagesthink extreme sports participantspaired with brazen rock music (when audio is available), reinforce a message that implies Our drinks help you do everyth ing you want to do (even risky things).I think Crescents organic certification and minimal (as compared to leading competitors) caffeine content provide strong differentiators for the energy market. Our drink is a wellnessier alternative to leading brands, whose slushy sweeteners and excessive levels of stimulants are likely to prompt a subset of consumers to switch to healthier options. Sports Drinks In 2012, the market for sports drinks was $6.3 billion 42% if sports beverage drinkers considered sports drinks anytime beverages and did not associate them plainly with exercise. They attracted a wider consumer base than did energy drinks, and regular users consumed them more often.Sports drinks come in a variety of sizes and average $1.00 to $2.00 for 12-oz. and 24-oz. containers, respectively. Generally, ingredientsinclude water, sugar, and salt. Crescents hydrating elements, paired with the mental focus and energy boost, can enhance athletic cognitive operation. It can also stav e off post-workout fatigue if consumed after exercise. (Fright and Razor, the market leaders, are touted as performance enhancing by extreme sports professionals.) Perhaps Crescents low sugar content and all-natural ingredients can appeal to health-conscious consumers seeking healthier anytime beverages that are free from man-made ingredients and sweeteners. Crescents $2.75 price point for an 8-oz can will be significantly higher than are those of similarly sized sports drinks, so our positioning and advertising will hew to build the case for its premium price.Levors Key FindingsTaste it appears Crescents taste appeals to most consumers. While some participants were notably more pleased with the taste, there were no unfavorable reactions. Energy content About half the participants were initially concerned about the energy component. Once their learned the energy content was equal to the caffeine found in a cup of coffee, only 25% remained concerned. Older consumers said that they liked that Crescent was a healthy alternative to high-calorie, sugary energy drinks. Some younger consumers noted that Crescent had less energy than they had hoped. Customer profile Several consumers said that Crescent was exactly what they wanted in a beverage healthy ingredients, good taste, and a slight pick-me-up. This interest appeared to reflect a focus on health and wellness, and transcended a specific age or demographic profile. Price Most participants knew the prices of competitive options and figured that due to Crescents organic and energy ingredients, the price would be above $3.00. Most were happily surprised, but some questioned PDBs ability to deliver quality organic ingredients at $2.75.

Critical Analysis: Martial Stability and Premarital Cohabitation Essay

The union of sum has held a specific ideal in the minds of heap since it was first instituted hundreds of eld ago. However, over the decades, new ideas ab extinct the union have become changed, and the cohabitation of two people has become almost acceptable in the fling toward marital bliss. several(prenominal) Western countries do non have issues with people living together as a geminate without being married, and this has led to the impression becoming main stream for future generations (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).However, there is a dark side to co-habitation. Ronald Budinski and Frank Trovato conducted a mull in 2005 on the assumption that premarital cohabitation would more likely end up in the dissolution of the labor union than those who did not cohabitate prior to marriage. They published their findings in the article, The Effects of Premarital Cohabitation on matrimonial Stability over the Duration of Marriage. It can be found in the 32nd volume, issue 1 of the C anadian Studies in Population journal.The results and findings create a new way of considering the stability of marriage in relation to cohabitation and non-cohabitation. The legitimization of cohabitation and the redefining of the term to be a substitute for marriage (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 70) is hearn in many Western countries and is the hindquarters for a new brand of research into this new type of union on the fundamental union of marriage. The purpose of the study conducted by Budinski and Trovato (2005) was to find out if the marital duration-dependent existed in relation to cohabitation (pg 70).Their focus was on two main factors the explanations for any fluctuation of the duration-dependent affect, and to find otherwise factors that would influence the duration-dependency between those who cohabitate and those who do not cohabitate (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). The two researchers decided on two questions they needed to answer that took the main factors into consider ation. The first part of the hypothesis is the belief that premarital cohabitation is more likely pass water the dissolution of the marital union.The second phase of the hypothesis tests the theory that the risk of marital dissolution is reduced between the two groups the longer the couple is married. They illustrious five separate outcomes that could occur in regard to the stability of the marriage and cohabitation, but their real focus was on the event and causes of marital dissolution (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). some believe that cohabitation is a short-term commitment. Researchers have created two theories in which to explain the phenomena of cohabitation.The first is the selective thesis (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 72) which defines those people who prefer cohabitation as individuals that have a problem with staying or dealing with a stable family relationship. The second theory is the experience theory (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 72) that cohabitation can create negati ve views of marriage and positive views of divorce. Most of the previous research conducted supported one or both of these theories. However, in more recent studies, the convergence of equality in marital dissolution seems to be more of the norm than in previous years.This area is still quite new and still being scrutinized by researchers unable to acknowledge without proof that cohabitation is not a major factor in marital dissolution (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). Budinski& Trovato (2005) used a previously compile source of data in the 1995 Canadian habitual Social Survey Cycle 10 The Family (GSS-95). The sample included all people ages fifteen and up in 10 Canadian provinces, excluding the Yukon and Northwestern territories. The reply rate was 81% or 10,749 individuals.Once those respondents that did not have the necessary data were removed the total number of subjects included in the study numbered 7, 187 individuals that had the ask data to conduct the study on premarital cohab itation and marital dissolution (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 75). The study used a multivariate model analysis founded on the comparative Hazards (PH) Model (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 75). The first aspect of this model was the hazard function that valued the probability of the dissolution of the marital union in relation to time and other controlled variables.They used this function as the baseline to estimate the durations of time prior to marital dissolution. In essence, the dependent variable was the length of time a couple stayed married prior to separation or divorce, with covariates including age, religiousness, education, contraceptive use, region, as well as several other variables. It was assumed that each working in the par to correlate with cohabitation and marital dissolution since each of the covariates had been previously associated with instability in the marriage union (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).The overall result of this study by Budinski & Trovato (2005) was the fact that there was not a epochal difference in the dissolution of the marital union in relation to those how did not cohabitate and those who cohabitated prior to marriage. Because of this result, they focused on the covariates to see which created a significant relation between dissolution of marriage and cohabitation. The covariant of age has a definite relation to cohabitation and the dissolution of the marital union.In fact, women who were 5 years or older than their spouse were more likely to have a marriage end in divorce. This correlation tended to be 4 and ? times greater a risk than couples who were the same age. Education or lack of education was a predictor of dissolution as well. Eighty percent of men that had that a tiny amount of post-secondary education were likely to have a marriage end in divorce whether they cohabitated or not. Religion also proven to be a factor with 83-100% of those individuals that did not attend religious services on a weekly basis wer e likely to have a marriage end.The only time that cohabitation proved to correlate to the dissolution of a marriage was when the age and contraceptive use were excluded from the analysis. Only then was there a small but relatively significant relation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005). This study showed that there were only basic correlations between the concept of cohabitation and the dissolution of marriage. The fact that to gain any significant relevance requires the exclusion of two main covariates says much about how cohabitation and divorce or separation related to one another.There were five covariates that did show some relation. These include one or both of the individuals having experienced parental marital dissolution, living within certain territories, religion, spouse being in a cohabitational relationship prior to current relationship, and the use of contraceptive. However, cohabitation alone did not significantly influence the divorce and separation rates in Canadas 10 terr itories that were part of this study (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).One factor that was discovered and not added to this or any study was the concept of serial cohabitation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005, pg 87) which is when an individual has more than one cohabitating relationship during adult life. This is a relatively new type of relationship and future studies will have to take this type of cohabitating relationship into account when looking at the union of marriage in relation to cohabitation and non-cohabitation (Budinski & Trovato, 2005).As the world changes and the societal values change, the old institutions of marriage and family will change as well. Life and society are not static, but they are predictable in some fashion. The emergence of cohabitation as a viable step in marriage started in force in the 1970s. Today this concept is accepted and acknowledged as a legitimate union even prior to marriage. Not all cohabitational relationships will end in marriage, but many will and the chances of their remaining married in relation to those individuals who did not cohabitate is changing as well.The fact is that marriage and cohabitation are not rightfully separate or relational. There are other factors that are more influential on the dissolution of the marriage and it are these variables that need to be considered in closer examination to have a better understanding of the factors of cohabitation, marriage, and the dissolution of a relationship.BibliographyBudinski, R. A. , & Trovato, F. (2005). The effects of premarital cohabitation on marital stability of the duration of marriage. Electronic version. Canadian Studies in Population , 32, 69-95.

Application Paper

I focused solely on their nonverbal communication and watched how they were able to rise their conversations with things such as gestures, behavior, and tone or volume. OHara and Wingman state that there are generation when no dialogue is needed to have a conversation and beam (128). Through my field study, I found this to be very true and observed several Interactions between many people and I was able to register what their situation was by apparently watching them communicate nonverbally. Studies show that nonverbal behavior carries more importance than verbal behavior when we express spontaneous feelings, treasure the motives of others and how they present themselves, express rapport with others, and figure out others meanings when there are not many other behaviors to observe (130). One couple I saw, seemed to be sway about something and he did not seem to have any interest in what she was saying. First, I could easily assume they were a couple by the way they acted.They sat very close together, they were sharing a drink, ND she often grabbed his hand to get his attention. Her grabbing his hand Is an example of trunk movements called kinesics which are the aspects of gestures and body movements that send nonverbal messages (135). It also indicated a love- Intimacy touch. The nonverbal message being sent was that theyre together, she cares, and is toilsome to resolve things. Him, on the other hand was utter with his eyes. Oculists is the study of the use of the eyes to communicate, and it covers the Importance of the eyes In communication across the lifespan (137). The fact that he was not making eye relate and constantly rolling his eyes every time she was trying to talk to him gave off the message that he doesnt care about what she has to say and hes most potential annoyed with her. They were carrying on a verbal conversation but by paying close attention, you could easily notice all the nonverbal aspects of their argument. For example, there w ere times when she would slam her hand on the table.This could easily indicate shes emphasizing what she Is saying and is trying to get her point across. Her slamming her hand down is an example of an illustrator. An illustrator reinforces verbal messages and helps visually explain what is being said (135). Another nonverbal aspect was their voices. How we pause, the speed and volume of our speech, and the inflections we use are vocalizes nonverbal messages called Paraguayan (155). Studies show that we find smoldering, demanding voices exasperating and whiny voices in time more annoying (139).This applies to the situation because his girlfriend was raising her voice and trying to grab his attention, when in laity, it was most likely causing him even more reason to not even give her the time of day and pushing her away even more. You could also notice how she was embarrassed to be arguing in public so she would often lower her voice when she realized how loud she was being. Anothe r way they communicated nonverbally was the amount of personal space they had. She was trying to be In his Intimate space, O to 18 inches away from him, whereas it seemed that he did not want to be that close to her.After about 15 minutes, she finally got up, kicked his hold in and left, which is after her, which indicated he was over the argument and seemed relieved that she had left. By watching a couple for only about 15 minutes, I was able to lure out a lot of information as to how they were feeling and what situation they were in. Its easy to assume things about a couple and their relationship by simply paying attention to the small details. Nonverbal communication is much more spontaneous and unintentional which means its a better indicator of how someone sincerely feels (129).Although they were speaking, their gestures, body movements and several other actors enhanced the conversation and allowed the other person to obtain a better understanding of how they felt. For examp le, she made it clear to him that she was upset and angry and he made it very evident that he was not in the mood to argue and did not care what she was saying. It is very easy to understand a situation better when nonverbal communication is involved. This field study allowed to me to observe many aspects of nonverbal communication and apply them to the people in the food coquet at my local mall.

Motivation in the Workplace Essay

Motivation is difficult to explain and pr affectice. However demand is still the one thing that makes mass productive in their occupancys. Whether the motivation is concrete or not, it all depends on the private and how guidance takes the information and applies it. There are many theories and practices that can be studied and applied to any situation. motivational theories are studied and practiced by theorists and companies to increase productivity. jibe to Jerald Greenberg (1999) scientist have defined motivations as the process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal. The act of arousing is related to the desire and vigor to produce. Directing is the election of behavior, and maintenance is the inclination to behave a certain room until the desired outcome is met (Greenberg 1999).Much of the motivation theories will be related to the definition provided. Some major motivation theories along with the rule to successfully propel employees will be introduced. The theory and method that a manager may choose to use will depend on the environment and on the single(a). There are two types of motivation theories electrical capacity and process. The subject field theories are based on the canonic need and drives. The other theories focus on the process by which batch are incited (Pepitone, 1999). Content theories of motivation focus on this question What causes behavior to occur and stop? The answers usually center on (1) the needs, motives or desires that drive pressure and forces employees to action and (2)employees relationships to the incentive that lead, induce, pull and persuade them to perform.The needs or motives are internal to the individual. They cause people to choose a circumstantial course of action to satisfy a need. Incentives are external factors that give value or utility to the goal or outcome of the employees behavior (Pepitone, 1999). Abraham H. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a kernel motivational theor y. Maslows basis was human behavior. He conducted his investigation between 1939 and 1943. The hierarchy of needs has five sets of goals that are called staple needs. Maslows idea was people will not be healthy and well-adjusted unless they have their needs met (Greenberg 1999). Maslow arranged the needs in different levels in order of importance. As in a hierarchy the lower level are the most basic needs and the top are the higher level needs. Looking at the go out below one can see how the hierarchy works.The lower order needs must be met before proceeding to the higher order needs. According to Greenberg (1999), Maslows needs are in the following order physiological need, safety need, social need, esteem need, and self-actualization. Mans basic needs are physiological, for example, hunger, thirst, sleep, etc. When these are fit they are replaced by safety needs reflecting ones desire for protection against danger or deprivation. These in turn, when satisfied are replaced by th e need for love or belonging to, which are functions of mans desire to belong to a group, to give and uplift acquaintance and to associate happily with people. When these needs have been satisfied, the esteem needs seeks to be met. One desires self -esteem and self-respect, which are affected by a persons standing reputation, and his need for recognition and appreciation. Finally, individuals have a need for self-actualization or a desire for self-fulfillment.The urge by individuals for self-development, creativity and job satisfaction (Boeree 1999) In the past, management rewards systems have attempted to satisfy an individuals lower level needs for safety and physiological security, for protection against deprivation and the threat to a worker or his family. However, management rewards systems should be, aiming to satisfy the individuals actual need (Boeree 1999). When believed that a certain reward is important and can be attained, the individual will demonst target a given amo unt of effort. This in turn will be demonstrated in performance. The cogitate between effort, performance and foresight is about accomplishing the task. The links between the performance and reward are connected. Ones assumption for whether the rewards are available if the person worked effectively describes the link. In this link the manager/organization is responsible of acknowledging the performance of the employee. If the manager/organization does not acknowledge the employee, there can be a breakdown in the motivation. The citation needs to be direct, strong, and immediate.Employees usually determine in advance what their behavior may accomplish and the value they place on alternative possible accomplishments or outcomes. Goal setting theory is the specification of goal to increase performance. Assigning difficult goals usually result in higher performance. Goal setting has cardinal components that have to be used to successfully afford this concept. First the identificati on of the process, then the characteristics and finally the feedback. The characteristics of goal setting consist of making the goal specific and challenging. The goal must be challenging to increase self-efficacy. It has been honourd that a difficult task tends to increase an employees performance. This may be because usually people work harder to reach a challenging goal as long it is believed that it can be done.Lastly, feedback will allow people to be informed of their progress. This demonstrate usually included praises about the good job that has been done (Wheaton & Cameron, 1998). The descriptions of content and process theories of motivation dealing with organizational and individual behavior are in short explained. The explanation is only a basis for a better understanding on why and how to feeler the concept of motive employees. All the theories conclude that the manner that managers perceive their organizations and their employees affect their productivity. Whether th ey are private, public or non-profit organization their aim is to be productive and effective. When looking at the different sectors, they have different goals and objectives, and accordingly they must take different approaches in management.Though this may be true we must also acknowledge that all sectors require one to motivate their ply to produce. As managers we must into consideration the different type of individual that make up our organizations. One must modify management styles and behaviors. Dr. Renis Likert has researched many organizations and veritable an effective manner to motivate employees and have a productive organization. He has identified four management styles that he feels should be a part of management style in an organization. First exploitive style is where management makes all the decisions and the lower levels are given no power this style has an authoritative approach. The endorse is the benevolent style that has an authoritative approach, however in this case the management has some trust. The consultative style has substantial amount of trust in their supply. The supply is motivated by reward and some involvement.There is some communication and teamwork involved. Lastly the participative style is more of the group approach. Management has confidences in their staff and the staff feels responsible in accomplishing the organizations mission. This style encourages communication and teamwork. The participative style is the best approach for profit and customer service organizations. Organizations should make the transition to train management to motivate their staff using the participative approach (Cook 1991). As a manager it is difficult to motivate your staff to be productive however, using certain methods can bring on a positive environment. It was thought that money motivated people but that has changed. Much of the theories discussed before deal with individual behaviors and needs. One can conclude that motivation is int ernal and as employers one must make observations and decide what each individual desires.According to Cook (1991) manager must give their staff as much as an organization can. Many employees want to have benefits and security, however what happens after a job has provided those needs. Remember that Maslow theory has the five needs of an individual and they do not all deal with the necessary needs. As an employer identifying what stage your employee is in will help in putting a plan into action. quislingism is a way to give employees the feeling of importance. Eliminating any kind of obstacle will create an atmosphere that your staff is eager to perform (Bruce, A. & Pepitone, J. 1999). Another approach is educating your employees and matches them to projects that they find interesting and those on which they are knowledgeable. Employees are willing to work harder on projects that they can relate to. This will also increase their success rate that will help in ameliorate their self -esteem. Yet another way to increase productivity is with empowerment.Giving people the choice to make decisions and giving them the tools and supports to their job will increase the inner motivation force within the employees. Encourage staff to satisfy their need for affiliation and create a relationship with the employee to be part of the organizations mission. It is difficult to motivate employees when a managers view is negative. For authority a managers behavior is explained with McGregors Theory X or Theory Y. In this case a manager must identify what style of managing is most effective. Building morale is an important concept when motivating employees. Morale will help create productivity in an organization. Developing a shared vision is a way to begin building morale. For instance as managers, one must communicate views honestly a directly during discussion with employees about performance. Make sure they have the necessary information to do their job. Allow employees to i nfluence their own performance goals. Get out of the office, be visible and accessible. Communicate a clear view of the long-range direction of the organization. hark carefully and consider the opinions of others open-mindedly before evaluating staff. Communicate high personal standards informally with day-to-day contact.Remember to acknowledge the progress that the staff has achieved either with certificates, a note or just a tap on the shoulder. The staff wants to be told that they are doing a good job (Pepitone & Bruce, 1999). Again empowering staff requires some basic principles. Inform the staff what their responsibilities are. Give them authority equal to their responsibilities. Set standards of excellence. Provide people with training that will enable them to meet these standards. Provide feedback on performance. bang them for their achievements. Trust and treat them with dignity and respect (Nelson 1997). Showing staff that management is listening and affirming that you un derstand their view will create positive work environment. The speech communication that use is also very important. Using we and us when speaking of the organization this will make the staff feel a part of the organization, thus improving the productivity of the staff.Encourage employees to make suggestion no matter how small the idea may be, and this will create a comfortable environment and inspire more significant ideas (Cook 1991). It is important to point out, however, that motivation must be used wisely. The misuse of some theories and techniques could result in negative consequences. Remember that employees who receive rewards on performance tend to perform better than employees in groups where rewards are not based on performance. Understanding the causes of human behavior can look for the behavior to the extent that the behavior can be controlled. Therefore, if managers understand the relationship between incentives, motivation, and productivity, they should be able to predict the behavior of their employees.Consequently, managers who know this, and know how to apply given incentive, can expect to realize increased productivity from employees. Today, 70% of employees are less motivated while 50% only put large effort into their work to keep their job (Spitzer 1995). Many managers are not sure of the technique to use to motivate their staff. The best way to find what motivates staff is to ask them directly. This may be done informally or during performance evaluations. Find out what he/she wants from the organization and what makes them happy. A happy employee will be more productive than an unhappy one. If there has been a problem with absenteeism it may be because the organization is not fulfilling their needs. Whether it is need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation, or the basic needs as studied by Herzberg, McClelland, or Maslow as a manager must examine and modify the management approach.ReferencesBoeree, C. George (2 006) Abraham Maslow. Available http//webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.htmlCook, M. (1991). 10-Minute Guide to motivating People. New York Alpha BookGreenberg, J. (1999) Managing Behavior in Organizational (2nd Ed.). New Jersey Prentice HallLearning, Reinforcement, Reward System and Self-Management Teams. Available www.emporio.eduNelson, B (1997). 1001 ship canal to Energize Employees. New York Workman PublishingPepitone, J. &Bruce, A. (1999) Motivating Employees. New York McGraw HillSpitzer, D. (1995). Super Motivation. New York AMACON.Wheaton & Cameron.(1998) Developing Management Skills 4th Ed. Addison Wesley Inc

War on Drugs Solution: Legalization?

Proposal a good deal like the exclusion of inebriant back in the 20s which was aimed to evict dissimilar substances from our civilization, the medicine fightf atomic number 18 nowadays has non only ruined its mission, entirely has do its mission unfeasible. Today various distresss, whether it is the abundant amount of m championy of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and practice sessionrs, one thing is for sure the war on medicines has fallen short.There is no dubiousness that the usage and misusage of doses do-nothing cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, in time the War on Drugs, is much of a reverse than a victory and one of the most hard-hitting solutions is, ironically, legalizing the glister drug, marihuana, and distinguishing it from other adverseicit drugs being sold on the streets. This research paper is intended to make do why the legitimation of hang human beings halter is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how monastic order would actually gain ground from the validation rather than the prohibition of or so(prenominal) illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs set up shorten the lives of users and others around them. However, the War on Drugs is more of a failure than success and one of the most effectual solutions is, ironically, legalizing the abstemious drug, ganja, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war. A. Financial failures. B. Social/ human being failures. C. Criminal nicety system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalisation.A. ganjas historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing all oer banning. A. Financial proceedss. B. Societal protrudecomes. C. Im call downment of the nefarious middlingice system . ethical motive and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a event receives diverse reactions coming from deuce different stand signifys it becomes controversial. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject however, in that location are many encouraging arguments to support the idea. victorious a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization high arcs the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the War on Drugs is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on dru gs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable selection anymore. In Ron Pauls farewell speech to the relation in 2012, he asks, Why contributent we given up on the drug war since its an obvious failure and violates the masss overcompensates? Has nobody noticed that the authorities cant even keep drugs come in of the prisons?The failure of the war appears in three aspects financially, socially, and the problems with the sinful justice muster. As for financial failure due to the drug war the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, mend it cost U. S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009. As a response to that drug toil trafficking, consumption and overdoses feel increased. As for the societys sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been account due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war.The article The Drug War s incomprehensible Economic Agenda, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the facial expression of Donald Scott, a calciumn millionaire, who was wrongly accused of cultivating many marijuana positions on his fin million vaulting horse ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and instruction that Scott presented slight danger of violence his ranch was solely raided by LA sheriffs department arm with heavy weaponry and dogs. In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a accelerator and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife.Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were raise (para. 17). Lets suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldnt be such a threat to the earthly concern and authorities to the point that they raid him on a army style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal jus tice system, Ron Paul questions How can making our entire society a prison cultivate the problem? where Drug arrests have more than tripled in the last 25 age, totaling more than 1. 63 million arrests in 2010.More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere self- forget, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession unaccompanied (para. 7). One should think about it, its totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person bottom bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its amateur or proven healthful value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of offshoot time drug possessors could break down to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members.Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the halter plant properties for over 5000 years whereas the false image and misconceptions built by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy. The achievement in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the design in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy.The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to outset century A.D. , while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the scar Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was indite on paper make from hempen necktie and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant Indian hemp seed. unless the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the crackage of t he Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical examination use of marijuana.Then after the Second World War joins president Nixon who targeted all drugs and handle drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens. Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that will power and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential difference harm from using it is not corking enough to justify infraction by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest indisposition(Johnston, 2011, para 3).Changing the publics thought towards addictive, lethal eatage prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself. Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end pro hibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplishment and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the foundation have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war.One of the possible slipway to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from return to consumption. According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discourage people from using them.After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its output signal till its dispersal and everything that goes in surrounded by to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards the victimization and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when require (par 4). As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND clubs Drug query Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1. 5 billion depending on the markets request (Abramsky 2012, p. 18). As for the society, the h emp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable efficiency source and most importantly medicine.After several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently a pair of scientists at California Pacific medical exam Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of vulturine cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever(para. 1). Marijuana can be a musical accompaniment for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep.It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to reverse the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis proper legal, users would be protected from the black markets dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortunate cases like Donald Scotts would be eliminated.Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets. One can not just catch to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their individualized benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as dirty with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war its not divinatory to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, Cannabis for Migraine Treatment, said it best There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricu ltural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemical study, has yielded many new and interesting compounds will stay put to be a part of mans economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this antediluvian and incomprehensible plant (para. 4).War on Drugs Solution Legalization?ProposalMuch like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure the war on drugs has fallen short. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others aro und them, however the War on Drugs, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation rather than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis StatementThere is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the War on Drugs is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war.A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. A pproach to marijuana legalization. A. Marijuanas historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system.Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea. Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the War on Drugs is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Pauls farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks, Why havent we given up on the drug war since its an obvious failure and violates the peoples rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities cant even keep drugs out of the prisons? The failure of the war appears in three aspects financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U.S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009.As a response to that drug production trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the societys sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war. The article The Drug Wars Hidden Economic Agenda, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrongly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriffs department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs.In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife. Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para.17). Lets suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldnt be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem? where Drug arrests have more than tripled in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1.63 million arrests in 2010. More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone (para. 7).One should think about it, its totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members. Moreover, the convicted could suffe r many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years whereas the false image and misconceptions built by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy.The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy. The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D., while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant Indian hemp seed.But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage ofthe Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana. Then after the Second World War joins president Nixon who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens.Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance(Johnston, 2011, para 3). Changing the publics thought towards addictive, lethal weed prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself.Nowadays public vie ws towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplishment and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war. One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption.According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them. After that reformation, placing the ma rijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards the exploitation and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4).As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in thecriminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporations Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1.5 billion depending on the markets request (Abramsky 2012, p.18).As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most importantly medicine. After several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever(para. 1).Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep. It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis bec oming legal, users would be protected from the black markets dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortunate cases like Donald Scotts would be eliminated. Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets.One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war its not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, Cannabis for Migraine Treatment, said it best There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agr icultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemical study, has yieldedmany new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of mans economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant (para. 4).