Alcoholism :: essays research papers

My bookreport is about living with someone who drinks too much. I chose this topic because hit its very close to home. In the book that I read it tells about other children who are or have grown up with an alcoholic parent. I learned alot about acoholism which is what makes you an alcoholic. I also learned about what some kids go through while growing up. This book tells you how to deal with someone who is an alcoholic and how to deal with your self as well.This book was very interesting and I really enjoyed it. First I would like to point out that kids who live with a parent that drinks all of the time feel as thogh they are the reason why that person drinks all the time. Children often tell that person that they do not like them when they have been drinking. The first chapter in my book was about a girl named Amy who wanted to tell her story about her mother that drank too much. She writes in here about her quite spot which was her room. She went there when her mother was drinking because often her mother was not herself. She tells about how she first noticed that her mother was not like other mothers when she went to other peoples homes. The next chapters explain what acoholism is. It is a disease that when a person wants to quite drinking can not.First of all you will notice that an alcoholic will often gulp their drinks, they can probably drink alot before the get drunk, they may stay drunk for several days, they will also have a favirote drink, and mya change their favirote drink to another. They may also hide thier drinking. Acoholism is an illness and is very sick. It is very hard for an alcoholic to stop drinking because they are afraid to and they know how they feel when they do not drink. Alcoholics usually try to stop drinking because they maybe have hurt someone they love or may also be on the verge of losing their job.People who stop drinking sometimes may have to go to the hospital for a period of time this is called detoxification. This is the best way for treatment when it is hard for them to stop. The withdrawl symptoms are things such as shaking, sweating, fever, pains and nausea.

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK :: Papers Government Voting

The Impact of the Use of Proportional Systems in the UK There are three main proportional representation systems that have been developed that try to ensure that party’s seats are earned more proportionally. The use of the Single Transferable Vote, List and Additional Member systems has changed UK politics, effecting representation, governance, policy and parties alike. The Single Transferable Vote system, which is very complex, is used in Northern Ireland for all but the UK election. It has helped widen representation and improve democracy. It has long worked with on the whole beneficial results in the Republic of Ireland (as we have seen), a country which had previously shared at least a part of the British parliamentary tradition. The Additional Members System (AMS) came about in 1998 as so did the Scottish Parliament due to the 1998 referendum which led to the Devolution Act. In 1999 and 2003 the conservatives received 18 seats through the List vote under AMS, giving them a much fairer representation of their support nationally in Scotland. The AMS in the welsh assembly has enabled more choice and consequently 50% of the welsh assembly’s members are female, the first democratically elected legislature to be able to say that. These results in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have reduced the probability of a single party gaining complete control of the legislative organizations which use these proportionally representative systems, therefore avoiding the single party dominance or even electoral dictatorship linked with first past the post system. Labour won 28 seats in the Welsh assembly in 1999, 3 short of an overall majority, meaning they had to form a coalition government with the Lib Dems, much to the Lib Dems satisfaction, as they support AMS for this very reason – it means a much less dominant party and so a government for the people and not the party. In Scotland a very similar case occurred with again falling short of a majority and again forming a coalition government with the lid Dems. The use of AMS & the resultant coalitions in Scotland & in Wales

Jane Austen’s Use of Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Irony is the art of expressing two meanings simultaneously; the obvious surface meaning the majority will regard as the only meaning and on a deeper profounder meaning which lies behind the obvious. The tension created by this ambivalence can be and has been put to a variety of uses. Ironies abound in Shakespeare, so do they in Dryden and Poe.Shakespeare employs them to underscore the tragic plight of a man, while Dryden and Pope use them to mock at human follies and foibles.among the forty eight writings, Fanny urney’s ‘Cecilia’,’Comilla’ and other novels are based on quiet but incisive irony. Thomas Love Peacocks â€Å"Headlong Hall†, â€Å"Nightmare Abbey’,†Maid Marian† and so on are the vehicles of attacks on the cranks and the fads of his day.but very few writers have exploited all possible resources of irony as Jane Austen.It may not be an exaggeration to say that Jane Austen is nothing if not ironical.Irony is her very forte;it is in fact the very soul of her art. Pride and Prejudice, for instance, is steeped in irony.To put it in other words, it is an artistic blend of ironic  and dramatic design.almost everything in this novel, be it related to the context or to the style, points to an  ironic contrast between ‘appearance’ and ‘reality’.it is the complex handling of â€Å"First Impressions† that  lends to Austen’s irony. Perhaps the opening sentence of the book offers the aptest illustration of irony.It states that â€Å"‘a single man  in possesion of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† and claims that â€Å"it is truth universally acknowledged.† But as the story unfolds itself we learn that â€Å"universal truth lies† in the opposite direction.Mrs Bennet’s concern for getting her daughters gainfully husbanded constitutes the basic theme of Pride and Prejudice. In an essay Reuben Brower writes: † In analysing the ironies and assumptions, we shall see how intensely the dialogue is, dramatic in the sense of defining the characters through the way they speak and are spoken about.† The confusion that even very intelligent people are capable of making between the apparent and the inherent is initially drawn towards Wickham mainly because of his external graces and Darcy’s first reaction to Elizabeth is that of repulsion simply because to quote Darcy, she is â€Å"not handsome enough to tempt† him. The situations——at least a good number of them —–in Pride and Prejudice. are also very ironical. Darcy’s first proposal to Elizabeth is made exactly at the moment when Elizabeth hates him most.When Darcy proposes to her she simply rejects him and blames him for separating Jane from Bingley;She further accuses him of his abominable treatment of Wickham.She tells harshly—-‘..my opinion of you was decided.Your character is unfolded in the recital which I received from Mr.Wickham†¦can you defend yourself?’ Later on Darcy changes,and happily, the changes are mostly for the better. The changed Darcy does not feel shy of confessing : † I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle.†Once Darcy has been humbled,Austen turns her irony on Elizabeth.She shows that Elizabeth in resentment of Darcy’s conscious superiority, has exaggerated his faults and failed to see that there is much goodness in him.then again. Lydia’s elopement with Wickham, which Elizabeth fears shall spoil her prospects of marriage with Dercy, strangely enough brightens the same.similarly, Lady Catherine’s attempts to prevent this  marriage succeeds in only hastening it. All these clearly spells out Austen’s attitude towards life.She knows that human nature and human situations are often too incongruous and contradictory.But she does not deride this aberrations with the cruelty of a Dryden or a Pope,her irony is always gentle and sympathetic.she uses it mainly in order to raise a hearty laughter.This, however is not to suggest that her comic is not rooted in any sense of responsibility. She has very certainly a distinct moral purpose of her own. She will not only expose the antithesis between sense and nonsense,she will at the same time state her preferences in unmistakable terms.needless to say she casts her vote in favour of sense.there is pride in life as also there is prjudice; but life, in order to be ideally lived needs to be a combination of both..Darcy has to stoop to conquer his pride before he becomes worthy to be happy and Elizabeth has to get over her prejudice in order to enter into a life of bliss. It is this moral vision that spells itself out in course of the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, though Austen’s irony plays the all pervasive; yet it never allows this vision to attain the abominable portions of any kind of didactism.indeed, it may be said that one of the greatest charms of this novel is derived from the gentle â€Å"tongue in the cheek† way of describing people and situations.For this Jane Austen’s tales offer a rippling sense of pleasure to her readers.

Discuss Hamlet’s attitude to death and the afterlife Essay

Hamlet a product of Shakespearean times has a different view on death, the afterlife and the divinity of the monarchy to any person today. Everyone in the Elizabethan and Jacobean era believed that there was an afterlife. Everyone believed in God, in witches, fairies and in ghosts. No one saw the dichotomy between their varied beliefs as we do today. Hamlet, as a result of the time in which he was raised, had a very complex attitude towards life and death. This was due to his religious beliefs and his basic morality. Although Hamlet has reasonably strong religious beliefs, he also lived life in the post- renaissance way. The Renaissance era said that there was, more to life than religion and although religion should not be discarded, other things should be considered. ‘Hamlet’ is a typical post-renaissance drama, with several plots interlacing frequently, to produce a complex composition giving meaning through contrast rather than unfolding each event in a single sequence. All the plots involve characters having to kill other characters for one reason or another. For example Claudius plots to kill Hamlet, and Hamlet plots to kill Claudius. It is through Hamlet’s turmoil about whether or not to kill Claudius that his views on religion and the supernatural appear. Although Hamlet wants to kill Claudius, he is prevented from doing so by his religious belief that God gives you life, therefore you have no right to take either your own life of that of another. This is also the reason why Hamlet cannot kill himself. When Hamlet sees Claudius trying to pray, he has a perfect opportunity to kill him but he does not, due once again to the contemporary beliefs about death and the afterlife. He believes that if he kills Claudius whilst he is praying his soul will go straight to Heaven even though he killed old Hamlet. Claudius’ prayers mean that he is in a state of perfect grace, with all his sins forgiven, so therefore, he will go to Heaven. Hamlet obviously does not want this. His father is forced to remain in purgatory and to suffer the misery of wandering the earth night after night because Claudius killed him while he was sleeping and unable to seek redemption. It is not surprising therefore, that Hamlet does not want his stepfather to have the happy ending his father never got. As John Russel Brown says: 1’Within ‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare has created a hero who is compelled instinctively to seek and exact revenge and yet lives in a world created by an all-seeing all powerful, and merciful God. ‘ When Hamlet kills Polonius, he sees himself as ‘Heavens scourge and minister’, as if his violent and instinctive reaction had been in accordance with Gods will. Such references together with various calls upon ‘God’ or ‘Heavenly powers’, remind an audience of secure moral judgements that call for repentance and mercy or for punishment. They mark the play as contemporary, not belonging to a pre-Christian Denmark, and ensure that Hamlet’s progress in revenge does not move him entirely from customary judgements even though he believes he could ‘drink hot blood’ and envisions evil spreading throughout the world. Therefore here Hamlet is showing that although he is a good Christian follower, he seeks revenge for the murder of his father. Laertes, another character to lose his father and his sister, who are both related to Hamlet in one way or another, deals with his feelings for seeking revenge in a very different way to Hamlet. Although at first Laertes believes that Claudius killed his father, his reaction to his father’s death differs greatly. Laertes does not care about morals very much: To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! ‘ He is prepared to go to Hell to get revenge for his father’s death. He then continues to say. ‘I dare damnation. To this point I stand. That both the worlds give to negligence, let come what comes; only I’ll be reveng’d, Most throughly for my father. Laertes is saying that he does not care what the consequences are, he will seek revenge even if he has to damn his soul to get it. Laertes decides that he will murder Hamlet, by poisoning the dagger he will be fighting him with. This, he knows, will definitely lead to Hamlets death. Laertes makes a decision and sticks with it, unlike Hamlet who is considered insane around the time he is thinking about killing Claudius. Hamlet is even considering taking his own life; therefore Laertes would appear to be the more stable of the two. However, much of Hamlet’s procrastination lies in the fact that he intellectualizes the moral issues involved in life and death, good and evil. Both characters end up with the same fate; death. Laertes behaves like a typical hero of a revenge tragedy, rushing headlong into revenge and his own death without pausing to weigh the consequences of his actions. When old Hamlet appears, Hamlet questions whether or not to believe it is his father. Hamlet is in a very emotional state, he is thinking of suicide due to his father’s death, and now he has appeared before him, it is little wonder that he is shaken up. Hamlet’s indecisiveness as to whether the ghost is really his father, is seen when he says ‘I’ll call thee Hamlet, King Father, royal Dane’, until he hears otherwise. He is wary because it was believed at the time that ghosts brought evil and were not good however, because the ghost so resembles his father and because Hamlet mourns him, he is prepared to believe that it is an honest ghost. The ghost confirms his identity, to Hamlet by saying ‘I am thy Father’s spirit, Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night, And for the day confin’d to fast in fires, Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature Are burn’t and purg’d away’. Once again, the audience learns something about Jacobean religious views and beliefs. Old Hamlet is telling us that due his being murdered so quickly, he did not have time to repent his sins, and therefore he is stuck in purgatory the place between Heaven and Hell until God forgives them. However Hamlet and Horatio are both men with high academic achievements, and both scholars, therefore it would be unlikely they would imagine such a thing. Both of them see the ghost on the battlement as do Barnado, Francisco and also Marcellus who sees its appearance as a sign that something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Although Gertrude never sees the Ghost, its validity and existence is proven by the fact that both Hamlet and Horatio have seen it. 2 The fact that Gertrude has an inability to see the Ghost might suggest the fact that she had nothing to do with the murder of old Hamlet or that she is too insensitive to see it – an idea born out by her insensitively speedy marriage to Claudius. This also appears to be the case in MACBETH another of Shakespeare’s plays, in the banquet scene, when the guilty Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo but no one else does. As a result of the information Hamlet receives from his father about his death, and his mother’s behavior, Hamlet feels that life in Denmark is worthless. He feels now with the death of his father, and the incestuous he feels relationship between his mother and Claudius, that his life is also meaningless and worthless thus he discusses committing suicide. ‘O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’. He then describes how distraught he is that his father was only dead a month when his mother got married to Claudius, and how he must ‘hold his tongue’. In spite of this he cannot kill himself because God gave him his life, therefore he has no right to take it. ‘The Everlasting ‘has’ ‘fixed / His canon gainst self-slaughter’.

A Child Safety

Children and personal health and safety A parents worst nightmare is for a child to be hurt or abducted by someone. Here are simple tips for children’s health and safety for children of all ages. A parent’s worst nightmare has to be their child being hurt or abducted by a stranger. When dealing with a small child, there is little they can do to get away from an adult who has decided upon a hurtful course of action. There are precautions that can be taught to children that will improve their safety and chances of getting away. We are all taught from birth not to bite. This has been a die-hard rule in most households from the beginning of time. For their own safety, children need to learn WHEN and how to bite. During an attack, teeth can make a formidable weapon. Teach your children to use this to their advantage. Biting doesn’t have to be limited to the attacker’s hands. Have your children know it is OK to bite arms, legs, stomachs, ears and necks. When they do bite, have them geared to draw blood and take a piece of the attacker with them. Head butts can be extremely effective as well. For your child to do one properly have him practice it on you. One word of caution, make sure you keep your face averted from your child’s head. When an attacker grabs a child, they often do so in a bear hug manner. This means they wrap their arms around the child’s body while making the arms impossible to move. In this situation, the child can drop their head forward onto their chest, and then slam it back into the attacker’s face with as much force as they possibly can. Have them practice yelling at the same instant to focus their strength. A good solid hit by what all parents know to be a hard head, can cause a broken nose and spilt lip. Both of these conditions are painful and cause tears and swelling around the face. In this article, it is explaining what you need to do as a parent to protect your child from being harm or kidnap. It is probably the worst fear that a parent will go through, but if the child is prepared then he/she could protect him/herself from the attacker. In these few paragraph it explain how a child’s bite can be affected and how a head butt can cause serious damage. If a child is caught in a situation he/she could bite on the ear, neck, shoulder, legs, arms and stomach. The website does state that the child should draw out blood from the attacker. This will let the attacker bleed or cry giving your child to run away from the attacker. Another attack is the head but. The child can force pain to the attacker that the attacker can bleed with a broken nose or a split lip. You can practice this with the child but you have to be careful because you can get injure. In the website there are other advice that if an attacker tries to harm the child. The child could defend themselves by breaking the grip of the attacker by bending a finger (either thumb or pinky finger) backwards which will break. Also, if the child is being kidnap then he or she should draw attention to him/her by yelling rape, fire, help, pervert and shouting No. I believe that we should tell our children that it’s not OK if a person touches you and you didn’t want them to. We should also emphasize that they could come to you when this situation happen. And tell him/her that it is not there fault. In this article there are some guidelines that parents should obey. This teaches them that a child could defend themselves if the situation arises. This situation is a parents’ worst fear but if you prepare them then the child will know what to do.

Jazz in America Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jazz in America - Essay Example Even the politicians acclaimed a great value of the American jazz when in 1987 the Joint Houses of Congress issued a resolution, which positioned â€Å"jazz an American National Treasure† (Jazz in America). In the 20s of 20th-century jazz was a symbol of a cultural struggle among the traditionalists and innovators of music. During the WW II, there were numerous changes in the culture of the Americans. At that time new forms of jazz occurred. The intellectual potential of the modern Americans required transformations of a common jazz. For centuries the slaves wanted to embody their fight against their master in their dances and later in music. The older styles of jazz in America are currently followed and admired by the contemporaries. American jazz is an open creative field for developments of innovative ideas and styles. It cannot be denied that the older styles of jazz are more inspiring and authentic than the modern ones. Nevertheless, there are a lot of people around the world, who are in love with this enchanting music. To find something interesting and peculiar in the old style of music is very important. Initially, the American jazz was developed in the New Orleans as music for men. There is an important contribution made by the Creoles and the Caribbean people in the beginning of jazz development. Jazz was extending its limits and now this music is for everybody, for men and women, for white and black skinned people.

"The terrible Transformation" Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

"The terrible Transformation" - Essay Example The main contestants were the African Americans and the Europeans who had travelled to Africa in search for gold but initiated slave trade. The Terrible Transformation covers the earliest transformation of Free states into slave states including the process which initiated when servants became slaves for being black. The years presented in this documentary were 1450-1750; the years which brought the terrible transformation in the North American continent due to the European settlers (Bellows, 1998). Their world was largely destroyed and transformed by the European explorers who took over their land and wealth as well as began the slave trade by brining several Africans into America. This was the beginning of the slave trade which entered America and changed the whole social and economic system. It transformed the system from a free colony to a state where the colour of skin decided whether a person would be a free citizen or would be enslaved for life. Europeans took their position in the conflict as they entered Africa seeking gold. The trade was first focused on gold but ended up on humans. European settlers were travelling and colonizing the world, and as they entered Africa their focus shifted on human trade instead of gold. These Africans were basically needed for the plantations in America. They were held captives by the Europeans and when they reached America, they were given no respect or rights and the torture continued. The shift of the Europeans had eventually changed from having non-Christian labourers to non-white labourers (Bellows, 1998). The Europeans took this position in the conflict in order to expand their colonies and rule throughout. Africans took the position in the conflict because they were brought for gold and eventually ended up being tortured and forced into slavery. The effect of this practice of slave trade changed the